The Local Search Ranking Factors list has been released each year since 2008. Every year the new ranking factors are mulled over and major changes in Google’s local search ranking algorithm are pulled apart and contemplated for the benefit of local businesses, all trying to rank.
Industry experts even contribute open-ended written feedback. The overall output includes just about everything you need to know to get your own site up there in the rankings.
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Understanding the 98 Google Local Ranking Factors – Search Engine Watch